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在雅思写作中,"观点-说理-例证的统一"是指文章中论点(观点)、论据(说理)和论证(例证)三者之间的紧密联系和相互支持。这种统一是构建有说服力、逻辑性强的论证的关键。很多同学在写大作文的时候,往往因为太过“投入”而导致前言不搭后语,看不出段落到底围绕什么展开,或者根本不知道要保持这三者一致,这会导致我们文章比较严重的失分。那么今天这篇文章会给大家详细介绍如何保持这三个写作要素的统一性。

什么是观点/说理/例证

  观点:

观点对我们的立场起着支持作用,也是主体段的中心思想,对主体段起到概括作用。

🌰 It is important for everyone, including young people, to save money for their future.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

立场:agree

观点:Undue emphasis on saving prioritizes satisfaction in a possible future over enjoyment of the present moment. 考虑到未来生活需要我们存钱

  说理:

说理是支持观点的理由或解释,是论证过程中的逻辑推理部分。它解释为什么作者持有这样的观点,包括原因、结果、影响等。说理需要清晰、合理,并且能够直接支持观点。

🌰 It is important for everyone, including young people, to save money for their future.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

立场:disagree

观点:Undue emphasis on saving prioritizes satisfaction in a possible future over enjoyment of the present moment. 过分强调存钱没有考虑到对当下生活的享受

说理:In most countries, individuals begin to save and plan for retirement as young adults. This approach means that by the time they have enough time to enjoy themselves, they are likely older, unhealthy, and less capable of living an active life. 【给出细节支持观点,当他们有足够的时间享受自己的时候,他们可能已经老了,不健康了,而且无法过充满活力的生活。】

A person who saves for a comfortable retirement by abstaining from travel, going out with friends regularly, and spending on luxuries might discover later in life that a sizeable savings account is no substitute for a full life. 【进一步论证,客观的储蓄并不能等同于充实的生活】

  例证:

例证是用具体的事实、数据、或证来支持说理,增强论证的可信度。例证可以是案例、研究结果、历史事件、统计数据等,它们使得抽象的说理更加具体和有说服力。

还是刚才的题目,我们可以根据观点和说理给出如下例子:

A study conducted by the Personal Finance Research Centre at the University of Bristol shows that retirees who prioritized saving over current enjoyment often regret not investing more in experiences, like travel and social activities, which could have enriched their earlier years.

此例证通过布里斯托大学的调查给出了对退休老人的调查,结论证实了我们的观点以及说理:他们在晚年后悔没有在年轻的时候多花钱享受生活

保持三者的一致性

观点-说理-例证的统一要求我们在写作中做到以下几点:

相关性:观点、说理和例证必须围绕同一个主题,保持一致,不能出现相互矛盾的情况。
逻辑性:说理和例证必须逻辑清晰,能够合理地推导出观点。
充分性:说理和例证要足够充分,能够全面支持观点,使读者信服。

例如:

观点:Online education has improved learning efficiency. 在线教育提高了学习效率。

说理:Online education allows students to study flexibly according to their own schedules and is not limited by geographical location. 在线教育允许学生根据自己的时间表灵活学习,不受地理位置限制。

例证:During the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools turned to online teaching, allowing students to continue their studies from home, demonstrating the ability of online education to maintain educational continuity in special circumstances. 在COVID-19大流行期间,许多学校转向在线教学,学生能够在家中继续学习,这显示了在线教育在特殊情况下保持教育连续性的能力。

相关性:观点说理和例证都围绕在线教育提高学习效率展开
逻辑性:效率的体现:灵活时间+不受地理限制,逻辑清晰
充分性:通过疫情期间学习的例子进一步补充,增加可信度

本文作者

TD雅思老师

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