托福写作政府类话题大家往往思路较少，细节展开积累少。常考的题目类型有政府政策类和政府投资类；之前的文章中我们了解了如何鼓励电车的句式以及具体的汽车相关表达；另有一道政府类题型同样涉及汽车：
Q：面对城市当中不断出现的拥堵现象，政府决定征收拥堵费，你是否支持？
Drivers will be charged a substantial fee for driving their vehicles into the city center during busy times of the day. Do you think that congestion pricing is a good idea?
这道题如果我们选择支持，可以从市民为了省钱会选择错峰出行/换用其他交通方式/更换居住地和工作地等理由来论证政策的合理性；
👉1. Off - peak Travel：Citizens choose to travel during off - peak hours to save money, which can effectively disperse traffic flow and relieve road congestion during peak hours.
在高峰期常常可以表达为：during rush hours/ in rush hours;
非高峰期就可以表达为during off-peak hours.
为了增加语言多样性，我们还可以对多次出现的主语进行同义替换， 如市民：residents/ urban residents / the public
👉2. Switch to Other Modes of Transportation：In order to save money, citizens switch to using public transportation, bicycles or walking, reducing the use of private cars and alleviating road congestion.
👉3. Change Residence and Workplace：Citizens choose to live closer to their workplaces or change jobs to places closer to their residences to reduce living costs, shortening the commuting distance and reducing the demand for traffic travel.
如果我们不支持，可以挖掘真正导致交通拥堵的源头：比如-不合理的交通规划、城市分区规划和管理制度，由此确定真正的政策应该是——更合理的道路规划、城市分区和管理；
1. More Rational Road Planning：Design a scientific and reasonable road layout（布局）, optimize road width, intersection settings, etc., to improve road traffic capacity.
2. Optimize Urban Zoning：Reasonably plan urban functional zoning, promote the balance between work and residence, and reduce unnecessary commuting distances.
3. Improve the Management System：Strengthen traffic management, formulate strict traffic rules and enforce them strictly to improve traffic operation efficiency.
当然，除了以上的政策，还有其他政策可以解决交通拥堵：
👉1. Promoting Public Transportation
When people use public buses trains and metro systems they take fewer private cars off the roads. When cities invest in better public transportation systems， people choose this mode of travel over their cars. When public transit fares stay low and connecting services run smoothly they make people want to use their cars less.
Technology tools that show vehicle locations and let people pay online make traveling simpler. Robust public transportation networks in developed countries prove that effective transportation systems help reduce traffic problems and lower pollution levels while making urban travel better for everyone.
内容概述：
第一段通过“排比”的多个句子介绍公共交通提高的细节：如改进公共交通和降低公共交通票价；第二段中详细展开了公共交通的在技术领域的提高，如实时显示车辆位置——这些功能在一些软件上已经实现，非常实用；
表达讲解：
1）transit fares 译为公共交通费用，我们除了reduce ticket price也可以用这个表达：
举个栗子To ensure high - ridership, public transit fares are maintained at a low level, making it an affordable option for the general public.
2）强大的公共交通网络除了strong还可以用robust (adj. 强健的、健康的)
也可以用来指身体健康：a robust constitution体质强健
好的表达积累如下，大家可以参考：
👉2. Use of Alternative Routes
Traffic jams have become a global city issue that creates travel delays and discomfort while hurting business. Using alternative routes represents an effective way to address this problem. Cities display traffic updates about roads with low congestion through their GPS systems traffic apps and electronic displays.
The new traffic routes spread out vehicle movements across all streets which reduces vehicle backups at main roads. Cities need to build more secondary roads while setting up special lanes for trucks（卡车） and buses to move through town. When cities add more public transportation services to their sustainable transportation options people find it easier to switch from private cars.
内容概述：
结构为【交通拥堵的问题——解决方法——具体展开+好处】，交通拥堵还会导致商业延误，使用备用路线可以减少这个问题，比如—使用GPS 更新车辆实时位置，达到分散车流的目的；城市还可以建设公交和卡车的专用二级道路，便利市民出行；
表达讲解：
这两段当中也有一些可以同义替换的表达：
1）解决问题：address this problem→solve this problem
2）出行延误：create traffic delays→delays
delay单个单词即有延误的意思：如flight delay 航班延误；path delay 道路延误；
3）vahicle backups 交通拥堵
backup我们通常理解有备份的意思，其实也有拥堵的意思，交通拥堵除了traffic jam/ traffic congestion, 我们还可以用vehicle backup;
4）交通拥堵的消极影响：creates travel delays and discomfort
举个栗子Vehicle backups during rush hour create travel delays and discomfort for commuters, who have to endure long detours(绕路) and standstill traffic.
其余表达积累如下，大家可以积累起来啦~
👉3. Developing Park-and-Ride Facilities
People can leave their vehicles in parking spaces near city limits and ride public transportation from there to their destinations through park-and-ride systems. When fewer cars enter city traffic it makes roads less crowded and creates cleaner air.
These facilities work best when you create safe parking areas charge reasonable rates and connect them to dependable public transport systems. When cities link park-and-ride facilities to public transportation they create better ways for people to commute sustainably while decreasing traffic and supporting ecological urban development.
park-and-ride facilities这个表达大家可以参考下面的英文释义来理解：a system designed to reduce traffic in towns in which people park their cars on the edge of a town and then take a special bus or train to the town centre; the area where people park their cars before taking the bus。其实就是把汽车停在城外，然后乘公交车到市中心，以减少市区的车辆。我们国家的上海、西安和南京已经实行了相关政策；例如—在南京，停车换乘收费5元一次；
The development of park and ride facilities that encourage people to use public transport or bicycles and the creation of carpooling（共同乘车-即我们现在常用的拼车） groups would also be helpful in reducing the use of cars and motorcycles.
内容概括：
最后一种策略将汽车拦截在市中心之外，但并不是通过罚款，而是通过鼓励大家在市外停车，在市内搭乘公共交通；具体细节为价格优惠、人们能够享受更加可持续的出行方式；
表达讲解：
1)city limit:在城市边缘可以用at /on the edge of cities/towns; 城市中的city limit这里也是同样的意思；
2)reasonable rate这里是价格的意思；rate 除了有比率、速度，还表示各种价格：
advertising/insurance/postal, etc. rates 广告费、保险费、邮费等
a low/high hourly rate of pay 按小时支付的低／高报酬
We offer special reduced rates for students. 我们对学生有特惠价格
其余表达积累如下：
当然，以上几种解决交通拥堵的方式并不是全部，我们还有更多的解决方案，大家可以在文末领取赠送资料，积累到小本本上啦~
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