Carla L. Peterson’s Doers of the Word (1997), a study of African American women speakers and writers from 1830-1880, is an important addition to scholarship on nineteenth-century African American women. Its scope resembles that of Frances Smith Foster’s 1993 study, but its approach is quite different. For Foster, the Black women who came to literary voice in nineteenth-century America were claiming their rights as United States citizens, denying that anything should disqualify them from full membership in an enlightened national polity.
Peterson sees these same women as having been fundamentally estranged from the nation by a dominant culture unsympathetic to Black women, and by a Black intelligentsia whose male view of race concerns left little room for Black female intellect.
文章解析
第一句话：
Carla L. Peterson’s Doers of the Word (1997), a study of African American women speakers and writers from 1830-1880, is an important addition to scholarship on nineteenth-century African American women.
白话版讲解：
Carla L. Peterson写了一本研究(活跃于)1830年到1880年之间的黑人女性演说家和作家的书，书名叫《Doers of the Word》（1997年出版）。她的这本书，对关于19世纪黑人女性的学术研究，是一个重要的增添（增添了一些重要的东西）。
第二句话：
Its scope resembles that of Frances Smith Fosters 1993 study, but its approach is quite different.
白话版讲解：
这部书的范围（scope）和Frances Smith Fosters在1993年出的那本学术专著（study）的scope，是相似的，但是（两本书的）方法（approach）不一样。
第三句话：
For Foster, the Black women who came to literary voice in nineteenth-century America were claiming their rights as United States citizens, denying that anything should disqualify them from full membership in an enlightened national polity.
白话版讲解：
Foster认为，那些在19世纪的美国文坛发出声音（成为演说家、作家）的黑人女性，是在要求获得美国公民应有的各项权利，是在坚称：在一个开化的政体中，不能因为任何事情说她们没有获得参与该政体的完全的资格。
第四句话：
Peterson sees these same women as having been fundamentally estranged from the nation by a dominant culture unsympathetic to Black women, and by a Black intelligentsia whose male view of race concerns left little room for Black female intellect.
白话版讲解：
而Peterson则认为，对19世纪成为演说家、作家的那些黑人女性，当时的主流文化并不赞同（unsympathetic）她们；当时的知识界（圈子）对种族问题也是持一种男性的视角，没有给黑人女性知识分子多少容身之地。所以当时的主流文化和知识阶层对那些黑人女性演说家和作家，基本上是排斥的，使之和美国国家疏远。这些黑人女性不为当时的主流文化所容，也混不进当时的知识界（圈子）。
题目解析
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
1. The passage indicates that Peterson identifies which of the following as obstacles faced by the women included in her study?
A. the attitudes of Black male intellectuals toward female intellectual work
B. the discriminatory attitudes faced by Black women in nineteenth-century America as a whole
C. disagreements among Black women speakers and writers themselves about the impact of the Black intelligentsia
白话版讲解：
问Peterson指出她著作中包含的女性面临哪些障碍？
因为文章没有提到黑人女性演说家和作家内部也有分歧，所以C选项错误。
A选项和B选项符合文章第四句话，所以正确。
2. It can be inferred that Peterson’s study and Foster’s study are similar with respect to which of the following?
A. the writers that each takes up for examination
B. the degree to which each has influenced other scholars
C. the assumptions that each brings to nineteenth-century African American literature
D. their analysis of the nineteenth-century Black intelligentsia
E. their interpretation of nineteenth-century Americas dominant culture
白话版讲解：
问Peterson和Foster的著作有什么不同？
找到文章第二句话，是scope不同，对应A选项。请注意A选项中的take up的意思是“讨论；处理”（to discuss something or deal with something; to proceed to consider or deal with）。
例句：
The school took the matter up with the police.
学校和警方一起处理此事。
例句：
Take up one problem at a time.
不要同时处理多个问题。
