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GRE阅读真题机经：Passage 15

David Belasco’s 1912 Broadway production of The Governor’s Lady created a sensation with a scene set in a Childs cafeteria, a chain restaurant that was an innovator in food standardization and emblematic of modern everyday life. While Belasco’s meticulously detailed reproduction of an immediately recognizable setting impressed the public, it was derided by progressive theater critics who championed the New Stagecraft theories of European artists like Max Reinhardt. The New Stagecraft rejected theatrical literalism; it drew inspiration from the subjectivity and minimalism of modern painters, advocating simplified sets designed to express a dramatic text’s central ideas. Such critics considered Belasco a craftsman who merely captured surface realities: a true artist eliminated the inessential to create more meaningful, expressive stage images.

文章解析

第一句话：

David Belasco’s 1912 Broadway production of The Governor’s Lady created a sensation with a scene set in a Childs cafeteria, a chain restaurant that was an innovator in food standardization and emblematic of modern everyday life. 白话版讲解： 1912年，David Belasco在百老汇排了一个叫《The Governor’s Lady》的戏剧，引起了轰动。这个剧中故事的发生地点在Childs餐馆。这个餐馆是一个连锁餐馆，当时在菜品标准化方面是一个innovator，象征着新式（modern）的日常生活方式。

第二句话：

While Belasco’s meticulously detailed reproduction of an immediately recognizable setting impressed the public, it was derided by progressive theater critics who championed the New Stagecraft theories of European artists like Max Reinhardt. 白话版讲解： Belasco在这个戏剧中，极其仔细地复制了Childs餐馆的各种细节，让观众一看就马上认得出来戏里的场景是在哪。这种细致的复制给（普通）观众留下了深刻印象。但有些支持新思想新观念的（progressive）戏剧评论家是支持一些欧洲艺术家（如Max Reinhardt）所提出的“新舞台艺术”戏剧理论的。这些戏剧评论家就和普通观众不同，（就看不上Belasco的作品），把他嘲笑了一通。

第三句话：

The New Stagecraft rejected theatrical literalism; it drew inspiration from the subjectivity and minimalism of modern painters, advocating simplified sets designed to express a dramatic text’s central ideas. 白话版讲解： “新舞台艺术”戏剧理论拒绝接受戏剧写实主义；该理论从现代画家的主观主义和极简主义中吸取灵感，主张用简化的舞台布置来表达剧本的中心思想。

第四句话：

Such critics considered Belasco a craftsman who merely captured surface realities: a true artist eliminated the inessential to create more meaningful, expressive stage images. 白话版讲解： 持这种观点的戏剧批评家们认为Belasco不过是一个正确记录表面上的现实的匠人。他们认为，（在设计舞台布景时），真正的艺术家会除去不重要的东西，以创造更富有意义、更有表现力的舞台景象，而不是把不重要的东西也复刻出来。Belasco不懂这个，不算一个真正的艺术家。

题目解析

1. The author of the passage implies which of the following about Belasco’s production of The Governor’s Lady? A. It was dismissed by certain theater critics who misunderstood Belasco’s conception of modernity. B. It was intended to marshal elements of the New Stagecraft to serve Belasco’s predilection for realistic staging. C. It demonstrated that theatrical literalism could be used effectively to express a dramatic text’s central ideas. D. It elicited responses that reflected a discrepancy between popular tastes in entertainment and the tastes of progressive theater critics. E. It relied on the appeal of an impressively realistic stage set to compensate for weaknesses in other aspects of the production. 本题答案：D 白话版讲解： 问关于《The Governor’s Lady》这部戏的制作，下列哪一个说法正确？ A选项错误。因为文章没有提到有些戏剧批评家误解了Belasco对现代性的概念。 B选项说“意图整理新舞台艺术戏剧理论的一些元素，为Belasco对现实主义舞台布景的偏好服务”。就是说Belasco排戏的时候还吸收了新舞台艺术戏剧理论的一些元素，来为他所用。文章中没有这样说。所以B选项错误。选项中marshal的意思是“整理好”（to bring together and order in an appropriate or effective way）。例句： Marshal your arguments before debating. 辩论前整理一下你的论点。 C选项错误。根据文章第四句话，去掉the inessential才能表达“一些戏剧性的、以台词为中心的思想”。根据文章第二句话，D选项正确。 E选项错误，文章并没有提到这部戏的制作在其他一些方面有弱点。 2. It can be inferred that the theater critics would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the theatrical productions? A. Theatrical productions that seek to eliminate the inessential also often eliminate theatrical elements that enhance the expressiveness of a play. B. Theatrical productions that faithfully recreate the visual details of everyday life are unlikely to do justice to a good play’s central ideas. C. Theatrical productions that employ the minimalism characteristic of modern paintings may have greater appeal to modern audiences than productions that rely on theatrical literalism. D. Theatrical productions that aim to represent truths about modern life should not attempt to employ elements of the New Stagecraft. E. Theatrical productions that attempt to produce authentic-looking scenes of everyday reality are likely to fail in that goal because of the theater’s inherent limitations. 本题答案：B 白话版讲解： 问下列关于戏剧制作的说法，文章中提到的戏剧评论家最可能会同意哪一个？首先理解题目问的the theater critics是指文章第二句话中提到的那些赞同“新舞台艺术”戏剧艺术理论的评论家，他们主张不搞literalism，主张搞minimalism和simplified sets，认为这样才可以表达出剧本的中心思想。他们认为，懂得除去the inessential元素的人，而不是只知道追求surface reality的人，才是真正的艺术家。换言之，他们认为literalism，只知道拘泥于反应现实的做法，是不能较好地表现剧本的中心思想的。所以B选项正确。请注意B选项中do justice to sth的意思是“公平地对待；合理地处理”（to treat someone or something in a way that is fair and shows their or its true qualities）。例句： This postcard doesn't do justice to the wonderful scenery. 这张明信片没能充分展现那美丽的景色。 A选项错误，文章认为除去the inessential元素可以加强表现力，而不是削弱表现力。 C选项错误，因为Belasco是受到public欢迎的；更喜欢minimalism的是评论家，而不是audience。 D选项错误，评论家是赞同而不是反对“新舞台艺术”戏剧艺术理论的。 E选项的意思是“想做出完全仿真现实的效果来，但容易因为剧院自身的条件限制而做不出来（比如想在舞台上复制出一个航空母舰上的真实场景，但因为舞台上摆不下真的舰载机而没法实现）”。这是文章没有提到的，所以E选项错误。