GRE阅读机经真题答案详细解析之：Passage 40-「GRE阅读真题」免费下载

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GRE阅读机经Passage 40

Buell’s study of village sketches (a type of fiction popular in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s) provides a valuable summary of sketches that portray the community as homogeneous and fixed, but it ignores those by women writers, which typically depicted the diversity that increasingly characterized actual village communities at that time. These women’s geographical mobility was restricted (although women writers of the time were not uniformly circumscribed in this way), and their subject matter reflected this fact. Yet their texts were enriched by what Gilligan, writing in a different context, has called the ability to attend to voices other than one’s own. To varying degrees, the women’s sketches portray differences among community members: all stress differences among men and among women (particularly the latter) as well as differences between the sexes, and some also depict cultural diversity. These writers represent community as dynamic, as something that must be negotiated and renegotiated because of its members’ divergent histories, positions, expectations, and beliefs.

文章解析

第一部分：

Buell’s study of village sketches (a type of fiction popular in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s) provides a valuable summary of sketches that portray the community as homogeneous and fixed, but it ignores those by women writers, which typically depicted the diversity that increasingly characterized actual village communities at that time. 白话版讲解： 在1830年代和1840年代，有一个小说流派叫“乡村速写”。一个叫Buell的人，对 “乡村速写”进行了专门研究，他的研究对一些（将乡村社群描绘为同质、固定不变的社群的）sketches，进行了概述，这概述是有价值的，但他的研究却忽视了一些女性作家写的sketches，这些sketches通常都描绘了农村社群的多样性。越来越多样（越来越异质）才符合当时农村社群的实际情况。

第二部分：

These women’s geographical mobility was restricted (although women writers of the time were not uniformly circumscribed in this way), and their subject matter reflected this fact. Yet their texts were enriched by what Gilligan, writing in a different context, has called the ability to attend to voices other than one’s own. To varying degrees, the women’s sketches portray differences among community members: all stress differences among men and among women (particularly the latter) as well as differences between the sexes, and some also depict cultural diversity. 白话版讲解： 在那时，这些女性作家地理上的移动性是受限的（尽管不是所有女性作家都受限），所以她们写的小说也体现了这种地理上的受限（比方说因为女作家不太能够远距离旅行，就只能写村子里、镇子上的事）。但是她们的小说文本却因为她们的另一种能力而得到了丰富。她们的这种能力，就是“不但听取自己的声音，也听其他人的声音”。“不但听取自己的声音，也听其他人的声音”这个说法，是Gilligan在另一个背景下写的。这些女性作家写的sketches，在不同程度上都描绘了乡村社群内部不同成员的不同。所有女性作家都不但强调了乡村社群内部男人和女人的不同，还强调了乡村社群内部男人和男人的不同、女人和女人的不同（尤其是后者）。有些女性作家除了描写了不同性别的人的不同，还描写了不同文化背景的人的不同。

第三部分：

These writers represent community as dynamic, as something that must be negotiated and renegotiated because of its members’ divergent histories, positions, expectations, and beliefs. 白话版讲解： 这些（女）作家将乡村社群描绘为动态变化的。因为社群成员的历史渊源、立场、期望和信仰不同，社群是一个必须要（社群成员间）通过不断反复谈判来形成的一个东西。

题目解析

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 1. According to the passage, village sketches written by women in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s typically reflected A. the negotiations that characterized trade relationships between villages. B. the fact that these women did not often travel very far beyond their own village. C. the plurality of experiences and ideas that existed among the residents of a village.

白话版讲解：

问根据文章，在1830年代和1840年代，一些女作家写的“乡村速写”小说流派通常反映了什么？因为文章最后一句话的negotiate不是指做买卖的时候讨价还价，所以A选项错误。根据文章第二部分第一句话的“their subject matter reflected this fact”，B选项正确。根据文章第二部分的To varying degrees, the women’s sketches portray differences among community members和第三部分，C选项正确。本题答案：BC 2. Select the sentence in the passage that contrasts how men and women depicted life in village communities.

白话版讲解：

要求选出将男作家对乡村社群的描绘和女作家对乡村社群的描绘进行对比的句子。在文章中提到女作家和男作家对乡村社群的depiction不同的句子，也就是文章第一句话“Buell’s study of village sketches (a type of fiction popular in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s) provides a valuable summary of sketches that portray the community as homogeneous and fixed, but it ignores those by women writers, which typically depicted the diversity that increasingly characterized actual village communities at that time”。本题答案：第一句话 3. The passage indicates that when Gilligan spoke of “the ability to attend to voices other than one’s own,” she A. did not consider that ability to be a desirable psychological characteristic B. did not believe that individuals differ greatly with respect to that ability C. was implying that that ability enhances a sense of belonging in communities D. was assuming that good writers are able to depict diverse characters E. was not discussing the women who wrote village sketches

白话版讲解：

问文章暗示，Gilligan在谈到“不但听取自己的声音，也听其他人的声音的能力”时，她……？从文章中，我们不知道Gilligan这个人是干什么的，也不知道她是在什么场合什么背景什么context，说了“the ability to attend to voices other than one’s own”这半句话。根据文章第二部分第二句话中的“writing in a different context”，E选项正确。选项ABCD所说的内容，文章没有提到，所以都不选。本题答案：E