GRE阅读真题及解析系列：Passage 47 -GRE阅读真题免费下载

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GRE阅读真题 Passage 47

From the 1880s to the 1930s, the textile industry in Japan employed over half of all workers, most of them in the three major branches of silk reeling, cotton spinning, and weaving. Because the branches were highly diverse—in scale, skill requirements, and technology—historians traditionally have analyzed them separately. However, the workforces of all three were drawn primarily from the same population: young, mostly rural women aged 10 to 25. Noting this commonality, Hunter argues that a consideration of the three branches of production together is long overdue: examining elements common to the different branches of textile production may, she asserts, permit the identification of gender-based factors that may have influenced the operation of the Japanese female labor market as a whole.

GRE阅读文章解析

第一部分：

第二部分：

Because the branches were highly diverse—in scale, skill requirements, and technology—historians traditionally have analyzed them separately. However, the workforces of all three were drawn primarily from the same population: young, mostly rural women aged 10 to 25. Noting this commonality, Hunter argues that a consideration of the three branches of production together is long overdue: examining elements common to the different branches of textile production may, she asserts, permit the identification of gender-based factors that may have influenced the operation of the Japanese female labor market as a whole. 白话版讲解： 因为这三大分支在产业规模、对工人的技巧要求、技术三个方面的差别非常大，所以历史学家们通常（可数名词复数前面没有冠词表示in general）传统上对这三个分支是一个一个分开来单独分析研究。但是，其实是这三大分支有一个共性，就是工人主要都来自同一个人群：10岁到25岁、来自农村的青少年女工。有个叫Hunter的女学者指出这一个事实，并提出观点，认为早就应该把三大分支放在一起来研究了，以前那种分开来研究的做法不对。Hunter坚称，（把三大分支放在一起研究），仔细研究纺织业几个不同分支的一些共性特点，可以让学者们识别到一些基于性别的因素（工人大都是女青年），这些因素可能对整个日本女性劳工市场（不只是纺织业女性劳工市场，还有其他行业的女性劳工市场）都产生了影响。

题目解析

1. Which of the following does the passage cite as an explanation for historians’ traditional analysis of the Japanese textile industry? A. a common workforce population across all branches of textile manufacturing B. similarities in the skills required for silk reeling, cotton spinning, and weaving C. the importance of the textile industry to the Japanese economy as a whole D. the high number of female factory workers employed within the textile industry E. differences in the technology used in the three major branches of textile production

白话版讲解：

问文章提到了下列哪一个情况，是历史学家们通常（可数名词复数前面没有冠词表示in general）传统上对这三个分支是一个一个分开来单独分析研究的原因？根据文章第二部分第一句，highly diverse……in …… and technology，对应E选项的differences in the technology。本题答案：E Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 2. It can be inferred that Hunter regards which of the following to be a shortcoming of historians’ traditional analyses discussed in the passage? A. their failure to examine factors common to the three different branches of Japanese textile production B. their separation of the Japanese textile industry into three major branches based on differences in scale, skill requirements, and technology C. their failure to acknowledge the contribution made by rural women to the different branches of the textile industry

白话版讲解：

问根据文章可以推断，Hunter认为下列哪一项是历史学家们分析研究日本纺织业的传统分析法的缺点？ A“（历史学家们）未能仔细研究一些纺织业几个不同分支的一些共性特点”也就是忽略了“工人主要都来自同一个人群：10岁到25岁、来自农村的青少年女工”这个事，根据文章第二部分，A选项正确。 B“（历史学家们）根据产业规模、对工人的技巧要求、技术三个方面的情况，把日本纺织业分成了三大分支” 很多同学问为什么B选项不对。很多机构也给了解释，但也没有解释清楚。下面我们来解释一下：首先，根据文章，Hunter反对的并不是把日本纺织业分成了三大分支这个事，她反对的是历史学家们没有注意到三大分支的一个commonality。其次，文章并没有说是历史学家们根据其在产业规模、对工人的技巧要求、技术三个方面存在巨大差异，而把纺织业分成了三个分支。同学们想一想，缫丝、棉纺纱加工和织布这三个行业，即使在产业规模、对工人的技巧要求、技术三个方面完全没有差异，也会被分成三个行业的，因为这三个事本来就是三件不同的事。铝合金制造业、炼钢业、铸铜业是冶金业的三个分支行业，这三个分支行业的产业规模、对工人的技巧要求不同、技术也确实不同，但却不是其划分的依据。但是这三个分支行业之所以这样分，就是因为这是三种不同的金属，就是因为一个是造铝制品的，一个是造钢的，一个是造铜的嘛。所以B选项说Separation……based on differences in scale, skill requirements, and technology，意思就是说历史学家们是根据differences in scale来separate成几个分支的。不是根据这个分的，甚至分这个事，都不是历史学家干的。 C“（历史学家们）不承认来自农村的女工对日本纺织业几大分支的贡献” 这是GRE题目中典型的无中生有选项。文章完全没有提到这一点，所以C选项错误。本题答案：A