GRE真题阅读机经Passage 52
The physicist Wallace Sabine pioneered the scientific study of architectural acoustics when he was asked in 1895 to fix a university lecture hall in which the echo of a speaker’s words rendered them unintelligible. He found that the length of time it takes a sound’s echo to decay is determined by the absorption of the sound’s original energy by surrounding material. By hanging panels of sound-absorbing felt on the walls, Sabine reduced the echo enough to make the hall usable. And the data he compiled yielded a mathematical formula for the relationship between a room’s echo duration, its quantity and quality of sound-absorbing materials, and its spatial volume.文章解析
白话版讲解:
1895年,有人来找物理学家Wallace Sabine,叫他帮忙解决一个问题,说是有个大学的讲演厅,讲课人在(台上)说话的时候,回声会干扰,导致下面的听众听不清他在说什么,这个讲演厅就没法使用了。Wallace Sabine去操作了一番,解决了这个问题,由此在对建筑音响效果的科学研究方面,做出了开创性成就。Wallace Sabine是怎么操作的呢?他去现场调查,发现,某一个声音的回声衰减消散所花的时间的长短,是由该声音的初始能量被四周的材料吸收了多少来决定的(被吸收得多,回音就衰减得快)。于是Wallace Sabine想了一个办法,在墙上贴了些可以吸收声音的毛毡,这样回声就大大减少,讲演厅就恢复到可以使用的程度了。他在此次研究中搜集了很多有关数据,并根据这些数据推导出了一个数学公式,这个公式表示了房屋容积、房屋内吸音材料数量和性质、回音持续时间长短之间的关系。题目解析
1. Which of the following can be inferred about the ‘university lecture hall’ mentioned in the passage? A. It was not originally designed to be used for lecture. B. It was more suitable for listening to music than for listening to the spoken word. C. Its walls had surfaces made of material with very poor sound-absorbing properties. D. Its poor acoustics resulted from its being designed to accommodate a large audience. E. It was constructed at a time when sound-absorbing building materials were not readily available.白话版讲解:
问关于文章中提到的“一个大学的讲演厅”,根据文章可以推断出下列哪个说法? A“起初建的时候,就不是为了当演讲厅” B“更适合听音乐,不太适合听人演讲” C“墙表面的材料吸音能力很差” D“音响效果查是因为设计的时候是为了容下很多观众” E“建的那个年代,吸音材料还不容易获取” ABDE四个选项都是无中生有。根据文章,解决问题的方法就是在墙上加了毛毡,所以问题就出在墙上的材料不行,所以C选项正确。 本题答案:C 2. The passage suggests that Sabine’s work made which of the following possible for the first time? A. to make a room soundproof B. to build an auditorium out of sound-absorbing materials C. to construct an enclosed space in which sound would not echo D. to design a building to meet predetermined specifications with regard to echo duration E. to render any large room usable for public lectures and performances白话版讲解:
问文章暗示Sabine的工作是下列哪个事情首次实现? A“使一个房间隔音” soundproof的意思是房间外的声音传不进去,里面的声音传不出来。 这个选项故意把sound-absorbing和soundproof两个概念混淆、张冠李戴。文章没有提到sound-proof。 B“用吸音材料建一个礼堂/观众席”意思是整个礼堂/观众席都用吸音材料建。 文章没有提到。 C“建一个围起来的空间,这个空间里声音根本不会产生回声”文章没有提到。 D“根据预先设定的关于回声持续时间的参数来设计一个建筑”就是说事先定了这个建筑建好了以后回声情况有多厉害,然后设计的时候把这个情况也考虑进去。根据文章最后一句话,因为连数学公式都推导出来了,所以Sabine的工作确实可以使得设计师在设计能够综合考虑建筑容积、吸音材料来确定回声情况。所以D选项正确。 E“使得任何一个大房间都可以用于公共演说和演出”文章没有提到。 本题答案:DTD福利 & 领取方式
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