GRE阅读真题机经及答案解析系列：Passage 56 -GRE阅读真题免费下载

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GRE阅读真题机经Passage 56

Soil communities are dependent on plants for organic matter. Plants provide organic matter for soil communities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of organic compounds into the soil environments. As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique soil communities form under different plant species and under plant communities that differ in composition. If a nonnative plant species invades an above-ground community of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-ground community and the below-ground soil community. For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil.

GRE阅读文章解析

第一部分：

Soil communities are dependent on plants for organic matter. Plants provide organic matter for soil communities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of organic compounds into the soil environments. 白话版讲解： 土壤群落（一般都）要靠植物来获取有机物。植物向土壤群落提供有机物的方式有三种，一是落叶掉在地上腐化后进入土壤，二是根部分泌营养物质（即有机物），三是其他一些使有机化合物沉积进入土壤的方法。 注解：

community n. 群落 a group of interdependent plants or animals growing or living together in natural conditions or occupying a specified habitat

第二部分：

As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique soil communities form under different plant species and under plant communities that differ in composition. 白话版讲解： 因为植物有这么多向土壤提供资源的途径，所以一个独特的植物群落也就对应一个独特的土壤群落。地上长的植物不同，地下的土壤群落就不同。虽然地上长的植物相同，但各种植物所占比例不同，地下的土壤群落也不同。

第三部分：

If a nonnative plant species invades an above-ground community of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-ground community and the below-ground soil community. For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil. 白话版讲解： 如果有一种外来植物入侵了地上的植物和动物群落，该外来植物就可能会改变地上（植物和动物）群落和地下土壤群落之间的原有的联系。比如，一种外来植物入侵了，就可能会使落叶数量发生改变，进而使土壤群落从落叶这个渠道得到的营养物质的量也发生改变。

题目解析

1. According to the passage, plants supply resources to soil communities by which of the following methods?

A. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by promoting diversity of above- ground flora and fauna B. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by oozing nutrients from their roots. C. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by depositing leaf litter.

白话版讲解：

问根据文章，下列哪些选项是植物向土壤群落提供资源的方式？根据文章第一部分，B选项和C选项正确。A选项说有些植物可以通过促进地上植物和动物的物种多样化来向土壤群落提供资源。这是无中生有的说法本题答案：BC

2. Which of the following statements about the connection between above- ground plants and below-ground soil communities can be inferred from the passage?

A. Because of the nature of the link between above-and below-ground communities, many soil communities are deficient in nutrients. B. The extent to which soil communities are dependent on above-ground plants is extremely variable from one soil community to another. C. Because different plants supply resources to soil communities in different ways, distinctive soil communities form under different plant communities.

白话版讲解：

问下列关于地上植物和地下土壤群落的说法，哪一个是可以根据文章推断出来的？ A“很多土壤群落因为地上群落和地下群落的联系的性质，而缺乏营养”文章没有提到，所以A选项错误。 B选项的意思是“土壤群落和土壤群落对地上植物的依赖度差异很大（即有的土壤群落特别依赖地上植物，有的土壤群落不太依赖地上植物）。”文章没有提到，所以B选项错误。根据文章第二部分，C选项正确。本题答案：C