Prompt: Evaluate the extent to which Mongol cultural practices changed in response to Mongol interactions with conquered peoples in the period circa 1200-1350.
针对这道题,考生需要迅速反应出基础知识点,并依次回答以下三个拆分后的问题:
1. Mongol在1200-1350年间都征服了哪些地区?
2. Mongol在征服不同地区时,采取了哪些不同的政策?
3. 不同的政策实施下,Mongol cultural practices发生了哪些变化?
答题思路:
首先,Mongol征服地区主要有二:Northern China & Persia
其次,征服过程中使用的政策异同、影响如下:
相同点:
Religious Tolerance这一政策下,只要宗教满足两个条件就受到包容:
religious beliefs are enlightening
will not threaten the rule of Genghis Khan
例子:
The Khan respected and allowed the bishops and priests to keep vigil in the church.
Genghis Khan exempted all Daoists within the empire from taxes.
The Khan studied the Qur’an in a tent mosque.
影响:
部分Mongols开始了解伊斯兰教/基督教/佛教/道教等诸多宗教。然而,大多Mongols即便在部分程度上皈依,但仍然保留自己的部分习惯。比如,虽然伊斯兰教和部分佛教禁酒,但Mongols依旧会喝酒
不同点
Northern China:
优点一:无大型屠杀;
优点二:the Mongols ruled very similar to beneficent Confucian leaders
例子&影响:
Roads were improved, canals were built, and artists were patronized .
The Mongols also led to the flourish of the Silk Road.
Persia:
The Mongols led massive massacres toward the local people.
Mongols的大屠杀行为导致Persia当地人口的迅速锐减