GRE阅读真题机经及答案解析系列：Passage 84-GRE阅读真题免费下载

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GRE阅读机经 Passage 84

Like Germany, but unlike other European nations, Norway industrialized rather late in the nineteenth century. Compared to Germany, however, Norway has a comparatively recent history of industrially based social classes and a much longer history of rather egalitarian class relations. The origin of Norwegian egalitarian predates industrialism and the rise of the labor movement. The preindustrial economy was based largely on a small independent peasantry who combined agriculture with fishing (in the north) or with forestry (in the south). Because Norway was under foreign rule for five centuries until 1905, and because the topography is unfavorable for large estates, a strong aristocracy and landowner class did not emerge in most of Norway. There were some exceptions to this pattern, especially in the southern regions where a landowner class did exist. Norway’s early social and economic history engendered egalitarianism, although, as has been pointed out by several observers, it was an equality of poverty.

文章解析

第一句：

Like Germany, but unlike other European nations, Norway industrialized rather late in the nineteenth century. 白话版讲解： 挪威于 19 世纪晚期开始了工业化革命，这和德国一样，而和大部分欧洲国家不一样。

第二句：

Compared to Germany, however, Norway has a comparatively recent history of industrially based social classes and a much longer history of rather egalitarian class relations. 白话版讲解： 但是和德国相比，挪威的阶级分化出现时间较短。在很长一段时间里，挪威阶级之间相对平等。

第三句：

The origin of Norwegian egalitarian predates industrialism and the rise of the labor movement. 白话版讲解： 挪威的平等主义在工业革命和劳工运动之前就出现了。

第四句：

The preindustrial economy was based largely on a small independent peasantry who combined agriculture with fishing (in the north) or with forestry (in the south). 白话版讲解： 在工业革命之前，挪威的经济大部分依赖于个体农民。北方的农民既务农又捕鱼，南方的农民既务农又从事林业活动。

第五句：

Because Norway was under foreign rule for five centuries until 1905, and because the topography is unfavorable for large estates, a strong aristocracy and landowner class did not emerge in most of Norway. 白话版讲解： 挪威在 1905 年之前都一直处于外国势力的统治之下，且其地势并不利于进行大规模的房产开发，所以挪威的大部分地区都没有出现贵族阶级和地主阶级。

第六句：

There were some exceptions to this pattern, especially in the southern regions where a landowner class did exist. 白话版讲解： 当然这也有例外，尤其是在挪威的南方区域，这些地方是存在地主阶级的。

第七句：

Norway’s early social and economic history engendered egalitarianism, although, as has been pointed out by several observers, it was an equality of poverty. 白话版讲解： 挪威早期的社会和经济发展催生了平等主义的思潮，虽然有些评论家指出，这种平等主义更多的是因为大家都很穷所以才平等。

题目解析

1.The passage is primarily concerned with discussing the

A. link between poverty and equality in the preindustrial state B. characteristics of industrial society shared by Norway and Germany C. effects of industrialization on social and economic relations in Norway D. roots of social equality in Norway E. emergence of social classes in Norway and Germany 答案▼ D 这道题问的是全文文章的主旨大意。这道题应该选 D。这篇文章从第二句开始，描述了挪威国内平等主义的起源时间和原因。 A. 讨论了工业革命之前，贫穷和平等主义之间的关系。（文章只有在最后一句提到了挪威的平等主义更多是因为大家都穷，并不是文章的主旨大意。） B. 挪威和德国工业社会的相同之处。（原文明确提到了挪威和德国的工业社会是不同的。） C. 工业化对挪威不同阶层的社会地位和经济状况造成的影响。（原文并没有提到。） D. 挪威平等主义的根源。 E. 挪威和德国社会阶级的出现。（原文没有提到。）

2.According to the passage, northern and southern Norway differed in which of the following ways in the nineteenth century?

A. a landowning class was more likely to be found in southern Norway than in northern Norway. B. Southern Norwegian peasants relied primarily on fishing for subsistence, while Northern Norwegians relied on forestry. C. agriculture was a significant activity in southern Norway but not in northern Norway. D. Southern Norway industrialized earlier than did northern Norway. E. foreign rule effected southern Norway more profoundly than it did northern Norway. 答案▼ A 这道题问的是，根据原文内容，19 世纪的挪威，其北方地区和南方地区在以下哪个方面有所不同？这道题应该选 A。原文第 5、6 句提到，挪威的大部分地区都没有出现贵族阶级和地主阶级，但是其南方区域是个例外，这些地方是存在地主阶级的。 A. 挪威南部比北部地区更有可能出现地主阶级。 B. 南部的农民更多以捕鱼为生，而北部的农民更多以林业为生。（原文只是提到北方的农民既务农又捕鱼，南方的农民既务农又从事林业活动，但不能由此推断出南部农民更多以捕鱼为生，部的农民更多以林业为生） C. 农业生产对于南方来说是一项很重要的活动，而对北方来说却不是。（原文没有提到。） D. 南方的工业化进程比北方更早。（原文没有提到。） E. 外国统治对南方的影响更大。（原文没有提到。）

3.The passage suggests which of the following about egalitarianism in Norway?

A. It was a source of social stability that helped Norway survive five centuries of foreign rule. B. It manifested itself in the same way after industrialization as it had prior to industrialization. C. It did not necessarily provide a high standard of living for most Norwegians. D. It produced a Norwegian industrialization that differed qualitatively from industrialization in other European countries in that the labor movement was less radical in Norway. E. It was more pervasive in southern than in northern Norway. 答案▼ C 这道题问的是，以下哪个关于挪威的平等主义的相关说法是正确的？这道题应该选 C。原文的最后一句提到，有些评论家指出，挪威的平等主义更多的是因为大家都很穷所以才平等，也就是“穷得很平均，大家都没钱。” A. 平等主义是挪威在外国势力统治的五百多年里保持社会安定的功臣。（原文没有提到。） B. 平等主义的体现方式在工业革命之前和之后是一样的。（原文只讲了工业革命之前，挪威的平等主义是如何体现的，并没有提到工业革命之后的情况。） C. 平等主义并没有提高挪威人的生活水平。 D. 平等主义使得挪威人的工业化革命和其他欧洲国家都不一样，因为挪威的工人运动没有那么激进。（原文没有提到。） E. 平等主义在挪威南部更为普遍。（和原文内容刚好相反。）