雅思大作文报告类题型怎么写？causes and solutions 题型写作框架辅导

在雅思大作文中，报告类题目在考场上比较少见，很多同学对这一类题型的重视程度不够，结果就是，IELTS曾在2020年的下半年考试中一个月内出现了两次报告类题目，让准备不充分的同学措手不及，大脑一片空白，无从下笔。今天这篇文章会教会大家在考试中遇到此类题型，如何快速形成自己的写作框架～

理解题目

报告类题型长这样⬇️ ?Many doctors recommend that older people exercise regularly, but most patients do not follow an exercise routine. Why do you think this happens? How can people be encouraged to exercise regularly? ?There is too much noise in many public places in cities. What are the causes of this problem? What can be done to solve the problem? ?Not all drivers obey the laws while driving on roads. What are the reasons for this? What can be done to fix this problem? 定义：报告类题目一般是描述一个问题，然后题干会问这个问题是怎么产生的，以及如何解决。 注意：我们在文章当中写的原因可以和解决方案相互对应，如果不对应也不影响。比如这道题： ?There is too much noise in many public places in cities. What are the causes of this problem? What can be done to solve the problem? 我们的原因可以写现在的人缺乏自觉意识（less self-conscious）对应的解决方案可以针对这个原因给出，比如政府加强教育；当然，我们也可以给出其它解决方案，比如种树吸收噪音 (plant trees in order to absorb sound) 报告类题型文章中尽量不要出现some people believe… others argue that…类似这样的字眼，因为不是双边讨论型文章，所以只需要陈述自己的观点想法即可。

文章结构&思路示范

对于报告类题目的文章结构有如下两种：

结构一：

开头：交代问题和解决方案，可以简单用词组进行概括主体段一：问题产生的原因一（主体段二：问题产生的原因二）主体段三：解决方法一（主体段四：解决方法二）结尾：重申下问题和解决方案即可针对题目中现象的原因和解决方案的个数没有明确的限制，因此，我们有三种段落布局的方案：1）可以用两个主体段写两个原因，一个主体段写解决方案；2）或者一个主体段写一个原因，另外两个主体段写两个解决方案；3）一个主体段写一个原因，一个主体段写一个解决方案。让我们来看这道题~ ?Not many young people in countries around the world go to and enjoy concerts and plays. Why is this the case? How should they be encouraged to attend? 开头段：明确给出原因和解决方法->原因：新媒体的出现；解决方法：政府投资 In my opinion, this is a result of increased isolation due to newer media and this demographic could be motivated to attend by increased funding for these events. 主体段一：问题->娱乐方式的选择更多 The main reason that plays and concerts are declining in popularity for younger generations is the wealth of other entertainment options. 主体段二：解决方案->投资艺术 This trend can be best curbed by funding the performing arts. 结尾段：重申我方立场->问题+解决方案（最好改写下） In conclusion, though young people today are more likely to spend time at home, alone on their devices, there remains a desire to go out and funding more performances would help encourage active participation. Governments must naturally balance this against other, potentially more pressing, needs.

结构二：

开头：交代问题和解决方案，可以简单用词组进行概括主体段一：给出1-2个原因主体段二：给出1-2解决方案结尾：重申下问题和解决方案即可这种写法比较适用于不太擅长段落展开的同学，针对一个观点没有办法给出很充分的解释，这个时候我们可以在一段中给出两个不同方向的观点，分别用2-3句话进行说理或者给出例证即可。让我们来看这道题~ ?There is too much noise in many public places in cities. What are the causes of this problem? What can be done to solve the problem? 开头：明确给出原因和解决方法->原因：人口的增长和人们本身的态度；解决方法：城市规划和设计 In my opinion, this change is caused by surging urban populations and shifting attitudes to personal space. The best solutions involve innovative urban design. 主体段一：问题->人口的增多+人们的行为 The underlying reasons for higher noise levels in public spaces are growing residential figures and changes in social behavior. 主体段二：解决方法->政府对城市的空间设计 The most realistic solution is that the government makes myriad minor adjustments. 结尾段：重申我方立场->问题+解决方案（最好改写下） In conclusion, although cities are becoming noisier as they become more populous and people are more open today, this can be remedied if authorities devise novel counters.