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Passage 102
A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.文章解析
第一句: A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. 白话版讲解: 在对地图绘制史进行研究的时候,审美方面的考量和技术方面的考量两者之间的分歧一直是一个研究焦点。 第二句: Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. 白话版讲解: 例如,19世纪之后的地图绘制者中,有些人认为自己属于技术人员,因此对于地图的视觉效果并不在意。而另外一部分人则认为自己是绘制风景的画家。 第三句: That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. 白话版讲解: 这种不同贯穿了整个地图绘制史。 第四句: Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. 白话版讲解: 直到 20 世纪 80 年代,受到 Blakemore 和 Harley 两人”传统即美“理论的影响,学者才开始大量注意到 19 世纪以前绘制而成的地图。学者们惊叹于那个时期地图的美,偶尔也会对于”科技为王“之前时期的衰落感到遗憾。 第五句: Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. 白话版讲解: 在早期(即 19 世纪以前),绘制地图被看做是一项艺术;而现代地图绘制学则被人认为更多属于技术领域。 第六句: Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers. 白话版讲解: 而 Alpers 则认为这样的划分会让 17 世纪以前的地图绘制者感到困惑,因为他们认为自己是同时具备了两方面(技术和审美)的能力。题目解析
1.According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were A. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understand their own work. B. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering. C. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questions of mapmaking. D. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1800. E. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after 1800.(下方查看答案)
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