大家好，先来（考考你们）看两个句子：
她是个书虫，恨不得住在图书馆。
She is a bookworm; she always lives in the library.
我现在不方便，你能晚点再来么？
I am not convenient now, can you later come?
如果你觉得这两个句子没问题，那么大概率咱们还是一整个中式思维写英文。在考试中这些奇怪的表达会非常影响最后的得分。更可怕的是，因为习惯了这些用法，很多考生无法通过自查发现。
Btw，这两个句子的正确的表达如下：
She is a bookworm; she always spends her time in the library.
I am busy right now, can you come later?
这样做的后果极有可能是语法错误频出，中式英语泛滥，无法有效传递我们的真实想法。即便技巧掌握得滚瓜烂熟，最后的分数总是不尽如人意。
笔者作为写作和口语老师，逐渐积累了一批中国考生常犯的语法以及用词错误。本文是这个系列的第三篇。前两篇链接如下：
10个考生9个用错，这些托福写作易错词到底难在哪？
这些25分以下考生常见的托福写作错误，你中招了么？
我们来看看第三批错误大家有没有中招吧！
❌误：pay attention on
✅正：pay attention to
?解析：
我在n位同学的作业当中看到pay attention on的表达。（再次证明了同学们错误的相通性。）次数多了，我甚至开始怀疑我自己。
和attention相关的表达中，带on的表达有（focus）attention on sth.
?例句：
Last night, meanwhile, there was a lot of attention on the U.S. Senate.
与此同时，昨晚美国参议院引起了很多关注。
还有
force your attentions on sb.
?例句：
Do not force your attention on your breath as that will arouse wakefulness.
不要强迫你的注意力在你的呼吸上，因为这会让你清醒。
我们也可以单独用pay attention，比如：
How many times do I have to ask you to pay attention?
?*拓展：
确实去Google的话，会出现一些pay attention on，但是字典中没有这样的表达，所以极有可能是口头的无根据用法。
此外，比较权威的媒体当中有这样的例句：
In the past, the policy was too concentrated on the number, on the economic drought, and they didn't pay attention very much on quality of drought.
但是这极有可能是为了和前面的两个on整整齐齐。
Whereas
❌误：The reading claims that Eocene warming was caused by comet collision. Whereas the professor disagrees.
✅正：The reading claims that Eocene warming was caused by comet collision, whereas the professor disagrees.
❌误：Whereas, there is hardly any revenue to make up this loss since the ticket of most museums is cheap or even free, so it can add a financial burden to the whole economy.
✅正：However, there is hardly any revenue to make up this loss since the ticket of most museums is cheap or even free, so it can add a financial burden to the whole economy.
?解析：
whereas和because，so that，since等等一样，只能引导从句，不能单独引领一个句子。
❌误：I companied my friend to go to the hospital.
✅正：I accompanied my friend to the hospital
?解析：
都是陪伴，易混词。Company是名词，accompany是动词。正确用法为keep sb. company或者accompany sb.
?例句：
She keeps him company and tells him tales of local legends about a vampire.
她陪伴着他，并告诉他当地关于吸血鬼的传说。
contrary vs contrast
❌误：on contrary, in contrary
✅正：on the contrary
?解析：
contrary 和contrast都可以表示对比转折，容易混淆。Contrast的搭配有：by contrast, in contrast，in contrast with。Contrary的搭配有：on the contrary。
?例句：
Japanese scores, by contrast, hardly varied with age.
（和美国人）相比之下，日本人的分数几乎不随年龄变化。
Albus never attempted to deny that his father (who was to die in Azkaban) had committed this crime; on the contrary, when I plucked up courage to ask him, he assured me that he knew his father to be guilty.
阿不思从不否认他的父亲（已经死在了阿兹卡班）所犯下的罪行，相反，当我鼓起勇气去问他时，他断然告诉我他明白他的父亲是有罪的。
❌误：We need to discuss about this matter.
✅正：We need to discuss this matter.
?解析：
discuss是及物动词，如果仅仅是要说讨论某个话题，直接用discuss something就可以。Discuss 后面可以跟about，不过是另外的情况，比如discuss with somebody about something。
?例句：
I don't discuss with my publisher about royalties.
我不和出版商讨论版税问题。
❌误：I concern your health.
✅正：I am concerned about your health. 或者 I care about your health.
?解析：
concern作为动词的时候，意思为“使关心”，用法是“be concerned”。比如Parents are concerned about their safety or health.
还有“concern somebody with something” ，比如I am concerned with matters of consequence.
单独使用concern的时候，意思是“和…相关”。比如“Nothing's personal when it concerns my troops. 我手下的部队没有私事。”
❌误：They are allowed to devote completely to their work which can increasingly enhance their productivity and efficiency, leading to greater achievements, specifically those who are extremely busy with only limited free time, like employees of financial industries.
✅正：They are allowed to fully devote themselves to their work, which can significantly enhance their productivity and efficiency, ultimately leading to greater achievements. This is especially important for individuals who are extremely busy with limited free time, such as employees in the financial industry.
解析：
断句相关的问题有很多种类。比如：
1）只用逗号衔接两个句子；2）不断句-run on sentence。上方版本一的句子，specifically后面的内容应该另起一句。这些问题一般出现在同学们尝试写长句的时候。这里给大家几个简单易操作的建议：
1）一句话尽量不要超过两个clause；2）一句话当中出现第二套主干的时候，句子内部要么有从句先行词要么要用逗号加衔接词分开；3）想要写出长句，除了句子套句子，还可以使用非句子的修饰，比如介词短语，非谓语，同位语等等。
❌误：Standing on the tower, the whole city looked stunning at night.
✅正：Viewed from the tower, the whole city was stunning at night.
❌误：The book write for dolphins came out 30 years ago.
✅正：The book written for dolphins came out 30 years ago.
?解析：
standing的逻辑主语是人而非the city。Book是被写不是自己写。
和断句一样，非谓语问题五花八门，可以单独写一篇文章来介绍。这里同样给出几个实用建议：
1）使用doing，done，to do的时候，记得确认前面或者后面有这些动作的施行者或者承受者；2）如果出现了两个动词，不是并列就是从句。今天的分享就到这里结束啦。这个系列会一直更新下去的，欢迎大家持续关注。也欢迎大家在评论区分享自己曾经犯过的silly mistakes。
本文作者
福利
为了方便同学们（收藏）日后使用，笔者把这个系列，一共三篇文章，当中的错误整理成了一个文档，
其中一共包含了23组高频错误，涵盖了语法，用词和搭配等类型。大家扫描下方二维码添加小马甲并发送
「错误」即可免费获得资料。
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