大家好，今天我们来聊聊托福阅读考试中的一个“隐形boss”——同义词和同义替换。备考过托福雅思的宝宝们对这个词应该都不陌生吧，阅读考试出现频率最高的考点就是同义替换了。想象一下，当你在阅读文章时，能够洞察每一个同义替换背后的深意，那感觉就像是你和出题人心灵相通，他们在想什么，你都能一一对应，简直是如鱼得水。
? 词汇题的“速效救心丸” ?
在托福阅读中，词汇题这个题型它纯纯就是考查同义词的，认识就秒选，分数就秒到手，不认识你就放弃吧，苦思冥想也没用。我们来看个例题：
A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.
The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
而这题对于背过单词的同学来说，知道plunge表示坠入/掉下，那就秒选近义词drop。要是不认识，那带入原文去读，就感觉extend，melt，drift都说的通，这个冰块无论是融化在海水里、延伸到海水里还是漂流到海水里，都可以导致海平面上升。甚至觉得选melt融化意思还更贴切呢。
掌握同义词对于托福阅读词汇题来说就是“速效救命药”，想象一下，当别人还在苦思冥想时，你已经轻松过关到了next level~
? 同义替换，破解干扰项的“X光” ?
在其他阅读题型中，同义词和同义替换是我们找到正确答案的关键。当我们根据题干关键词定位到原文后，正确答案，往往就是原文的同义转写，而那些原文原词出现的选项，往往都是干扰项，是用来迷惑你的烟雾弹，学会了同义词同义替换，那当别人还在为干扰项头疼时，你已经透过表象，找到了隐藏的正确答案了。
口语写作的“加分神器”
但同义词和同义替换的魔力不止于此。它们还是你口语和写作中的“加分神器”。当你在口语中用一个“exquisite”代替“beautiful”，或者在写作中用“innovative”来替换“new”，你的语言立刻就变得生动形象，让人眼前一亮，仿佛看到了你深厚的语言功底。
看了这么多同义词/同义替换的好处，赶紧来学几组吧~都是阅读中词汇题考过的原句原词哦~
1.下降，降落
fall, decline, descend, dive, drop, plummet, plunge, sink, decrease, go down, slump
With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher.
随着海平面的持续上升，更多的冰将坠入海洋，导致海平面上升得更高。
The gradual sinking of the Appalachian Mountains results from the forests covering them.
阿巴拉契亚山脉的逐渐下沉是森林覆盖的结果。
2.特征，特点
trait，property，characteristic，feature
Common ancestor is probably the source of the shared traits of crocodiles and birds.
共同的祖先可能是鳄鱼和鸟类共同特征的来源。
Since birds and crocodiles share a common ancestor, the simplest explanation for the characteristics they share is that they evolved only once.
由于鸟类和鳄鱼有着共同的祖先，因此对它们共同特征的最简单解释就是它们只进化了一次。
3.防止 阻止
inhibit, hinder, impede, obstruct, stop, hamper, forbid, obstacle, bar, barrier, block, hurdle, obstruction, impediment, prevent, ban
Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage.
烘干、熏制和盐腌可以在短时间内保存肉类，但鲜肉和鲜奶一样，保存方法非常有限，没有办法防止变质。
The Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 barred the empire 's colonial merchants from exporting such commodities as sugar and tobacco anywhere except to England。
1660 年和 1663 年的《航海法案》禁止帝国的殖民地商人将糖和烟草等商品出口到英国以外的任何地方。
4.在…之前，早于…
prior to, before, earlier than, in advance of, ahead of, previously, formerly, beforehand, on the eve of，preceding
It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
它将由1957年之前高出生率时期出生的儿童组成。
These societies were better adapted to climate change than was previously believed.
这些社会对气候变化的适应能力比以前认为的要好。
5.支持，倾向于
advocate, argue for, vote for, in favour of, prefer (to), side with, agree, support, uphold, commend, consent, assent
In both small and large populations, different environmental pressures in separate environments may favor the evolution of large genetic differences.
在小种群和大种群中，不同环境中的不同环境压力有利于巨大遗传差异的进化。
In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant.
在美国东部地区，首选的牧草是一种栽培植物。
6.足够的，充分的，大量的
sufficient, adequate, enough, abundant, ample, plenty of, considerable, plentiful
In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
此外，还有一些表演者，由于人们非常重视在举行仪式时避免出现错误，宗教领袖通常会承担这项任务。
Where the seasonal availability of water is adequate, the same plot may yield two and even three harvests in a single year.
在季节性供水充足的情况下，同一块地可以在一年内收获两次甚至三次。
7.增长
grow, increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket
The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots.
蒸发掉的水分由植物内部的水柱取代，这些水柱从植物顶部一直延伸到根部。
Earth's surface expanded and stretched because the planet had become hot.
地球表面膨胀和拉伸是由地球变热所致。
8.可能的
potential, dormant, hidden, latent, likely, promising, future, possible, inherent, would-be
Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years.
由于急于利用通勤的可能性，房地产开发商在短短三十年内就为芝加哥地区增加了80 万个潜在的建筑用地。
Perhaps tidal power is the most promising form of ocean energy.
也许潮汐发电是最有前途的海洋能源形式。
9.极好的
exceptional, remarkable, excellent, extraordinary, marvelous, outstanding, phenomenal, superior
The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils.
化石的保存质量非常出色，但更令人印象深刻的是鱼龙化石的数量。
With no predator to inhibit its phenomenal growth, the alga had encompassed the Mediterranean coasts.
由于没有天敌抑制其惊人的生长，这种藻类已经覆盖了地中海沿岸。
10.放弃，丢弃
reject, throw away(out), discard, scrap, get rid of, abandon, drop, cast aside
Using the combined action of the bill and tongue, the birds cracks open and discards the woody seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.鸟类利用喙和舌头的联合作用，裂开并丢弃木质种子外壳，吞下营养丰富的内核。
The carp fed on organic matter that either dropped or was thrown into the pond, while the mud scooped up from the pond fertilized the fruit trees and the rice fields.鲤鱼以掉落或扔进池塘的有机物为食，而从池塘中舀出的淤泥则为果树和稻田施肥。
以上词汇和例句都来自托福阅读真题或TPO，全部是词汇题出过的原题例句哦。同义替换真的很常见，很多时候阅读里的考点恰恰就在同义替换上，准确识别同义替换，就是站在了出题人的角度来做题，那简直是上帝视角分分钟拿满分。平时在做题过程中，如果遇到了还不太熟悉的同义替换，那就那个小本本记下来吧，主动地积累，归类，在同一个场景下记忆，这些词汇才能更快更好掌握。
本文作者
TD托福福利 & 领取方式
为了帮助大家更好地掌握同义替换，Vickie老师特别为大家准备了托福阅读真题和TPO中出现过的常考近义词集合。每组近义词都配有生动的例句和精准的翻译，帮助你深入理解，快速记忆。有需要的同学可以发送暗号【同义词】联系马甲获取哦！
