英语阅读能看懂但选不对?托福阅读如何做句子简化题?这些逻辑词轻松搞定!内含典型例题&详细解析

许多同学在做句子简化题时感觉自己明明读懂了句子，也能够准确翻译，但是还是选不对，总觉得每个选项都大差不差。如果你也遇到过类似的困扰，明明单词都认识，句子语法结构也清楚，但是做句子简化题还是摸不到门路，全凭语感，那大概率是你对句子的逻辑没有把握到位。

逻辑是我们选对句子简化题的关键，就是所谓的考点。在托福阅读中，常见常考的的逻辑关系可以分为四大类：因果、并列、转折、比较。如何识别到这四大类逻辑关系呢？我们需要一些逻辑信号词。掌握了这些词，你就可以轻松看出各个选项之间的差异了。

我们先来看看四大类逻辑的常见信号词：

因果逻辑CAUSE / EFFECT

明显因果逻辑：
原因：because, since, for, due to, as, owing to, on account of, thanks to
结果：therefore, hence, thus, as a consequence, consequently, as a result

隐藏因果逻辑（一般为动词）：
原因：come from, result from, derive from
结果：cause, lead to, result in, contribute to, trigger, stimulate, enable, smotivate, prompt, give rise to, allow for，make，help

并列逻辑 ADDITION

and, in addition, plus, similarly, besides, additionally, moreover, furthermore, simultaneously, either..or, one another, likewise, not only..but also, again，as well as

让步/转折逻辑CONTRAST

however，but，nevertheless，yet, despite, while, although, even though, in spite of, whereas, as

比较逻辑COMPARISON

a 最高级/比较级关系词：
-er, -est, more than, most,

b 相似性比较词：
as, resemble, similar, imitate, like, likewise, same, equal, identical

c 差异性比较词:
opposite, compare, rather than, unlike, contrary, converse, differ, oppose, contrast, instead of
(差异性比较和转折类似)
以上这些逻辑关系词都是真题里反复出现的，同学们一定要眼熟它们，但凡出现就敏锐的捕捕捉到，并且准确识别内容。比方说看到因果逻辑，一定要理清楚什么是原因什么是结果。如果看到比较逻辑，那就看清楚是谁和谁进行比较，是A比B好还是B比A好，千万不要弄反。这些跟逻辑相关的内容都是高频出现的考点。我们来看道句子简化题例题，看看逻辑词到底怎么用吧~

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.

C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.

D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.

我们先来看原句中的逻辑词，可以找到result from这个因果逻辑词和as well as这个并列逻辑词，进一步梳理原句的意思可知原句有并列的两个原因和一个结果，即荒漠化的极端严重性（结果），是由于大片土地和大量人口受到影响，以及逆转甚至减缓这一进程的困难很大（两个原因）。那我们在做这道题时，就需要在答案句中找到同样的逻辑关系，即两个原因和一个结果。

来看看选项，首先寻找因果逻辑，只有A和B中出现了because，C和D是if和unless条件逻辑，不是因果，所以可以快速排除CD，只在AB中继续寻找答案。

再来找找并列逻辑，并列的是1大片土地和大量人口受到影响&2逆转甚至减缓这一进程很难，B选项没有并列逻辑词，再仔细读一下会发现它把原句中两个并列的内容变成了因果关系，与原文的逻辑不符。那么A就是正确选项了，A选项用because代替了原文的result from因果逻辑，用and代替了原文的并列逻辑as well as。

掌握逻辑词的使用，能提升我们对英语句子结构的理解，帮助我们在托福阅读中快速解题。碰到因果逻辑题目，一定要注意原因和结果的完整，原因和结果都不可缺失，也不能把因果关系替换成并列或条件关系，这些都是典型的错误选项特征。