本文系2010年AP环境科学真题分享文，领取资料请滑至文末查看领取方式，在此之前为您分享环境科学里面的一个基础知识点：Global Water Resources and Its Use。 水资源的分布： 地球上75%是水，主要为海水，淡水仅占小部分。 淡水分层： Epilimnion: uppermost; most oxygenated Thermocline: demarcation of epilimnion and hypolimnion; temperature shifts dramatically Hypolimnion: lower, colder, denser Littoral zone: very shallow water at the shoreline; abundant sunlight; extend to the depth at which rooted plants stop growing Limnetic zone: surface of open water; extends to the depth that sunlight can penetrate; organisms are short-lived and rely on sunlight to carry out photosynthesis Profundal zone: an aphotic zone (no sunlight) Benthic zone: deepest layer; very low temperatures and low oxygen levels Groundwater地下水： Fills underground porous spaces, from wells or aquifers (non-renewable). Water mining: withdrawals from aquifers 如何保护地下水： 1. subsidize water conservation strategies 2. implement water conservation practices in residential homes 3. increase the price of water to discourage waste 4. reduce the number of water-intensive crops being grown Surface water地表水： Includes rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, and oceans. Hydroelectric power station水力发电站流程：Create freshwater reservoirs  flooding  stores the surface water runoff e.g. Three Gorges Dam三峡大坝，为世界上规模最大的水电站三峡大坝的争议：水库中的植被腐坏会导致大量甲烷逸出，需要迁移人口等 Water transfer projects调水工程将水资源从丰富地区运到不足地区，Aral Sea, California, China都有开展调水工程 海水分层： Coastal zone: closest to land; between the shore and the end of the continental shelf Euphotic zone: photic, upper layers; warmest region of oceans; highest levels of dissolved oxygen Bathyal zone: middle region; insufficient light for photosynthesis; colder Abyssal zone: deepest region; extremely cold temperatures; very low levels of dissolved oxygen; very high levels of nutrients Upwellings: provide a new nutrient supply for the growth of living organisms in the photic regions Red tides: toxic algal bloom