1. 主语为集合名词
集合名词指的是用来指代由多个实体组成的一个集合的名词。比如说:the crowd(人群), my family(我的家人们)。 那么像这样由一个集体指代多个实体的名词,谓语要使用单数还是复数呢?RULE NO.1
一般来讲,美式英语习惯将集合名词当做单数,英式英语习惯将集合名词作为复数。RULE NO.2
当集体名词更强调一个整体的时候,谓语使用单数。当集体名词强调的是集体中的多个个体的时候,谓语使用复数。例:His family is big. 他家是个大家庭。(强调的是“他家”这个集体) His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。(强调的是“他的每个家人”多个个体)
RULE NO.3
一些集体名词绝大部分情况下都是复数形式,如:police、people、cattle,例:The police are coming. Who are these people? The cattle are fed on barley.
2. 主语为绝对复数名词
一些名词只有复数形式。比如说:clothes, pants, scissors, shorts, trousers, jeans, headphones,因为它们都是以一双、一对的形式出现的。例:My trousers are dirty. My headphones are lost.
3、主语为Either/ Neither
主语为Either/ Neither, 或包含and, either or/ neither nor。 (1) 使用and连接,主语一定指的是两个及以上的主体,谓语一般使用复数。Cheese and tomato are delicious on the bread. My friends and I are playing soccer.(2) 使用Either/ Neither,主语虽然指的是多个事物,但意义上却是分别指代单个事物,谓语一般使用单数。
Neither is willing to give up. (=He is not willing to give up, and she is not willing to give up. ) Either is good enough. (=This is good enough, and that is good enough.)(3) 使用Either or/ Neither nor,采取就近原则,谓语距离哪个名词近,形式就随这个名词变化。
Neither John nor his sisters were at school today. Neither John's sisters nor John was at school today.
4. 主语和谓语间被介词、介词短语隔开
当句子主语后面跟有介词or介词短语时,会经常让人感到混乱。比如说: The manner in which you spoke to those peopleFood between the teeth results in bad teeth. Students who staying in the classroom are doing their homework.在KP阶段写作中仅涉及一些简单句,要保持主谓一致只需要判断主语是单数还是复数即可。 对于结构稍微的复杂的句子来说,也只需要: 1.找出句子真正的主语。 2.判断主语是单数or复数。 做好这两步,保持主谓一致的正确性就不是难事啦!
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