在基础语法go through中，我们系统地学习了介词的分类、固定搭配和使用方法等。回顾介词内容，戳：
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基础语法Go through（10）: 介词 Part 1
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基础语法Go through（11）: 介词 Part 2
其中，”by”有着超高的出镜率，今天我们就一起来总结一下”by”的8种用法吧~
1.”by”+ place
“by”+ 地点用来表示在… …旁边，例：
The house is by a river.
David lives by a train station.
I would love to live in a house by the sea.
2.”by”+ time
“by”+ 时间用来表示在某一时间之前，用来表述最后期限，例：
Guests must leave by 11 am.
Please send us the payment by tomorrow.
Students must enroll by the end of June.
3.”by”+ method of transportation
“by”+ 交通方式用来表示乘坐某种交通工具
(by + train / car / boat / plane / taxi / bus / coach)，例：
I go to work by car.
My parents often go to France by boat.
Our children have never travelled by plane before.
4.”by”+ method of communication
“by”+ 通讯方式用来表示用某种方式沟通
(by + telephone / post / email / fax)，例：
I spoke to her by telephone.
I will send you the document by post.
Please confirm the order by email.
5.”by”+ method of payment
“by”+ 付费方式用来表示使用某种方式付费
(by + credit card / cheque / cash)，例：
We paid for the computer by cheque.
Can I pay by credit card?
6.”by”+ reflexive pronoun
“by”+反身代词用来表示某人（某些人）单独做了某事
(by + myself / yourself / himself, herself, itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves)，例：
I enjoy reading by myself.
Sarah is studying by herself.
Let’s do something by ourselves.
My parents often go on holiday by themselves.
7.”by”+ -ING verb
“by”+ 动词ing形式，用来表达如何做某事，提供关于实现某一特定结果所需要的更多信息，例：
You can turn on the radio by pressing that button.
You can improve your English by watching English TV series.
8.”by”和被动语态
在被动语态中，“by”用来表示是
谁发出的动作，例：
Sarah wrote the book. (主动，Sarah是动作的发出者)
The book was written by Sarah. (被动)
Our school organised the concert. (主动)
The concert was organised by our school. (被动)
学习知识是一个由点及面，由面到点的过程。
在学习介词这一语法“知识面”时，我们不仅仅要了解如何在描述时间、地点、方位时正确运用不同的介词，还要从另一个角度了解每个介词在与不同的词汇搭配时，所表达的意思是什么，这样才可以把知识学透哦~
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